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ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with the physical rehabilitation of critically ill children in Brazilian pediatric intensive care units. Methods: A 2-day, cross-sectional, multicenter point prevalence study comprising 27 pediatric intensive care units (out of 738) was conducted in Brazil in April and June 2019. This Brazilian study was part of a large multinational study called Prevalence of Acute Rehabilitation for Kids in the PICU (PARK-PICU). The primary outcome was the prevalence of mobility provided by physical therapy or occupational therapy. Clinical data on patient mobility, potential mobility safety events, and mobilization barriers were prospectively collected in patients admitted for ≥ 72 hours. Results: Children under the age of 3 years comprised 68% of the patient population. The prevalence of therapist-provided mobility was 74%, or 277 out of the 375 patient-days. Out-of-bed mobility was most positively associated with family presence (adjusted odds ratios 3.31;95%CI 1.70 - 6.43) and most negatively associated with arterial lines (adjusted odds ratios 0.16; 95%CI 0.05 - 0.57). Barriers to mobilization were reported on 27% of patient-days, the most common being lack of physician order (n = 18). Potential safety events occurred in 3% of all mobilization events. Conclusion: Therapist-provided mobility in Brazilian pediatric intensive care units is frequent. Family presence was high and positively associated with out-of-bed mobility. The presence of physiotherapists 24 hours a day in Brazilian pediatric intensive care units may have a substantial impact on the mobilization of critically ill children.

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência e os fatores associados à reabilitação física de crianças em estado grave em unidades de terapia intensiva pediátrica brasileiras. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo de prevalência pontual multicêntrico, transversal, de 2 dias, abrangendo 27 unidades de terapia intensiva pediátrica (do total de 738) no Brasil em abril e junho de 2019. Este estudo brasileiro fez parte de um grande estudo multinacional chamado Prevalence of Acute Rehabilitation for Kids in the PICU (PARK-PICU). O desfecho primário foi a prevalência de mobilidade proporcionada pela fisioterapia ou pela terapia ocupacional. Foram coletados prospectivamente dados clínicos sobre a mobilidade do paciente, possíveis eventos de segurança de mobilidade e barreiras de mobilização em pacientes admitidos por ≥ 72 horas. Resultados: As crianças com idade inferior a 3 anos eram 68% da população de pacientes. A prevalência de mobilidade fornecida pelo terapeuta foi de 74%, ou 277 dos 375 pacientes-dia. A mobilidade para fora do leito foi mais positivamente associada à presença de familiares (razão de chance ajustada de 3,31; IC95% 1,70 - 6,43) e mais negativamente associada às linhas arteriais (razão de chance ajustada de 0,16; IC95% 0,05 - 0,57). Foram relatadas barreiras à mobilização em 27% dos pacientes-dia, sendo a mais comum a falta de prescrição médica (n = 18). Registaram-se eventuais eventos de segurança em 3% de todos os eventos de mobilização. Conclusão: A mobilidade proporcionada pelo terapeuta nas unidades de terapia intensiva pediátrica brasileiras é frequente. A presença de familiares foi alta e positivamente associada à mobilidade para fora do leito. A presença de fisioterapeutas 24 horas por dia nas unidades de terapia intensiva pediátrica brasileiras pode exercer papel importante na mobilização de crianças em estado grave.

https://doi.org/10.5935/2965-2774.20230388-en

Validity of the Brazilian pediatric triage system CLARIPED at a secondary level of emergency care
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de Magalhães-Barbosa, Maria Clara

; de Camargo Traldi, Paula

; Raymundo, Carlos Eduardo

; da Cunha, Antonio José Ledo Alves

; Prata-Barbosa, Arnaldo

Jornal de Pediatria

Journal Metrics
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jun 2023, Volume 99 N. 3 Pages 247 - 253

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objective To evaluate the validity of the triage system CLARIPED in a pediatric population in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods Prospective, observational study in a secondary-level pediatric emergency service from Sep-2018 to Ago-2019. A convenience sample of all patients aged 0-18 years triaged by the computerized CLARIPED system was selected. Associations between urgency levels and patient outcomes were analyzed to assess construct validity. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) to identify the most urgent patients were estimated, as well as under-triage and over-triage rates. Results The distribution of 24,338 visits was: RED 0.02%, ORANGE 0.9%, YELLOW 23.5%, GREEN 47.9%, and BLUE 27.7% (highest to the lowest level of urgency). The frequency of the following outcomes increased with increasing urgency: hospital admission (0.0%, 0.02%, 0.1%, 7.1% and 20%); stay in ED observation room (1.9%, 2,4%, 4.8%, 24.1%, 60%); use of ≥ 2 diagnostic/therapeutic resources (2.3%, 3.0%, 5.9%, 28.8%, 40%); ED length of stay (12, 12, 15, 99.5, 362 min). The most urgent patients (RED, ORANGE, and YELLOW) exhibited higher chances of using ≥ 2 resources (OR 2.55; 95%CI: 2.23-2.92) or of being hospitalized (OR 23.9; 95%CI: 7.17-79.62), compared to the least urgent (GREEN and BLUE). The sensitivity to identify urgency was 0.88 (95%CI: 0.70-0.98); specificity, 0.76 (95%CI: 0.75-0.76); NPV, 0.99 (95%CI: 0.99-1.00); overtriage rate, 23.0%, and undertriage, 11.5%. Conclusion This study corroborates the validity and safety of CLARIPED, demonstrating significant correlations with clinical outcomes, good sensitivity, and low undertriage rate in a secondary-level Brazilian pediatric emergency service.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2022.10.005

Knowledge regarding extracorporeal membrane oxygenation management among Brazilian pediatric intensivists: a cross-sectional survey
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Colleti Júnior, José

; Prata-Barbosa, Arnaldo

; Araujo, Orlei Ribeiro

; Tonial, Cristian Tedesco

; Oliveira, Felipe Rezende Caino de

; Souza, Daniela Carla de

; Lima-Setta, Fernanda

; Oliveira, Thiago Silveira Jannuzzi de

; Mello, Mary Lucy Ferraz Maia Fiuza de

; Amoretti, Carolina

; João, Paulo Ramos David

; Neves, Cinara Carneiro

; Oliveira, Norma Suely

; Costa, Cira Ferreira Antunes

; Garros, Daniel

Critical Care Science

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jan 2023, Volume 35 N. 1 Pages 57 - 65

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess Brazilian pediatric intensivists’ general knowledge of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, including evidence for its use, the national funding model, indications, and complications. Methods: This was a multicenter cross-sectional survey including 45 Brazilian pediatric intensive care units. A convenience sample of 654 intensivists was surveyed regarding their knowledge on managing patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, its indications, complications, funding, and literature evidence. Results: The survey addressed questions regarding the knowledge and experience of pediatric intensivists with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, including two clinical cases and 6 optional questions about the management of patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Of the 45 invited centers, 42 (91%) participated in the study, and 412 of 654 (63%) pediatric intensivists responded to the survey. Most pediatric intensive care units were from the Southeast region of Brazil (59.5%), and private/for-profit hospitals represented 28.6% of the participating centers. The average age of respondents was 41.4 (standard deviation 9.1) years, and the majority (77%) were women. Only 12.4% of respondents had taken an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation course. Only 19% of surveyed hospitals have an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation program, and only 27% of intensivists reported having already managed patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Specific extracorporeal membrane oxygenation management questions were responded to by only 64 physicians (15.5%), who had a fair/good correct response rate (median 63.4%; range 32.8% to 91.9%). Conclusion: Most Brazilian pediatric intensivists demonstrated limited knowledge regarding extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, including its indications and complications. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is not yet widely available in Brazil, with few intensivists prepared to manage patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and even fewer intensivists recognizing when to refer patients to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centers.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os conhecimentos gerais dos intensivistas pediátricos brasileiros sobre oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea, incluindo evidências de uso, modelo de custeio nacional, indicações e complicações. Métodos: Este estudo foi um inquérito transversal multicêntrico que incluiu 45 unidades de terapia intensiva pediátrica brasileiras. Realizou-se inquérito de conveniência com 654 intensivistas quanto aos seus conhecimentos sobre manejo de pacientes em oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea, suas indicações, complicações, custeio e evidências bibliográficas. Resultados: O inquérito abordou questões relativas aos conhecimentos e à experiência dos intensivistas pediátricos sobre oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea, incluindo dois casos clínicos e seis questões facultativas sobre o manejo de pacientes em oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea. Dos 45 centros convidados, 42 (91%) participaram do estudo, e 412 (63%) dos 654 intensivistas pediátricos responderam ao inquérito. A maioria das unidades de terapia intensiva pediátrica eram da Região Sudeste do Brasil (59,5%), e os hospitais privados com fins lucrativos representavam 28,6% dos centros participantes. A média de idade dos respondentes era de 41,4 (desvio-padrão de 9,1) anos, e a maioria (77%) era mulher. Apenas 12,4% dos respondentes tinham formação em oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea. Dos hospitais pesquisados, apenas 19% tinham um programa de oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea, e apenas 27% dos intensivistas declararam já ter manejado pacientes em oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea. Apenas 64 médicos (15,5%) responderam a questões específicas sobre o manejo de oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea (mediana 63,4%; oscilando entre 32,8% e 91,9%). Conclusão: A maioria dos intensivistas pediátricos brasileiros demonstrou conhecimentos limitados de oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea, incluindo suas indicações e complicações. A oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea ainda não está amplamente disponível no Brasil, com poucos intensivistas preparados para o manejo de pacientes em oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea e ainda menos intensivistas capazes de reconhecer quando devem encaminhar pacientes para centros de oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea.

https://doi.org/10.5935/2965-2774.20230350-en

Maternal-fetal and neonatal characteristics associated with Kangaroo-Mother Care Method adherence
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Campanha, Patrícia de Padua Andrade

; Magalhães-Barbosa, Maria Clara de

; Rodrigues-Santos, Gustavo

; Prata-Barbosa, Arnaldo

; Cunha, Antônio José Ledo Alves da

Jornal de Pediatria

Journal Metrics
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2023, Volume 99 N. 4 Pages 355 - 361

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objective To describe the association of maternal and neonatal characteristics with the adherence status to the in-hospital stages of the Kangaroo-Mother Care Method - KMC (full, partial, and no-adherence). Methods Retrospective cohort study including infants < 2500 g admitted to a reference maternity hospital for the KMC in Rio de Janeiro from January to December 2018. Maternal and neonatal characteristics were distributed according to the adherence status to the KMC in-hospital stages. In the first stage, KMC is performed in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Conventional Neonatal Intermediate Care Unit. The second stage is completed in Kangaroo Neonatal Intermediate Care Unit. Multinomial multiple regression was performed with KMC adherence as a three-category dependent variable and maternal and neonatal characteristics as independent variables. Results Of 166 dyads, 102 (61.5%) participated in two stages. Those who did not participate in any stage (n = 52; 31.3%) had a lower level of education, a higher frequency of adverse conditions, and were more often single mothers; mothers who participated only in the first stage (n = 12; 7,2%) had more premature and sick infants. Conditions associated with adherence to the two stages compared to no adherence were: high school education (OR = 2.34; 95% CI = 1.08-5.07), presence of a partner (OR = 3.82; 95% CI = 1.7-8.61), no adverse conditions (OR = 3.54; 95% CI = 1.59-7.89) and no neonatal resuscitation (OR = 2.73; 95% CI = 1.22-6.1). Conclusions The study identified maternal and neonatal conditions associated with adherence status to the KMC. The results suggest opportunities to improve adherence.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2022.12.005

Prevalence and functional status of children with complex chronic conditions in Brazilian PICUs during the COVID-19 pandemic
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Colleti Junior, José

; Prata-Barbosa, Arnaldo

; Lima-Setta, Fernanda

; Araujo, Orlei Ribeiro de

; Horigoshi, Nelson K.

; Cesar, Regina Grigolli

; Souza, Andreia Aparecida Freitas

; Foronda, Flávia Andrea Krepel

; Almeida, Carlos Gustavo de

; Torreão, Lara de Araujo

; Crestani, Francielly

; Carlotti, Ana Paula de Carvalho Panzeri

; Garcia, Pedro Celiny Ramos

Jornal de Pediatria

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sep 2022, Volume 98 N. 5 Pages 484 - 489

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objective The proportion of children with complex chronic conditions is increasing in PICUs around the world. We determined the prevalence and functional status of children with complex chronic conditions in Brazilian PICUs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The authors conducted a point prevalence cross-sectional study among fifteen Brazilian PICUs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors enrolled all children admitted to the participating PICUs with complex chronic conditions on three different days, four weeks apart, starting on April 4th, 2020. The authors recorded the patient's characteristics and functional status at admission and discharge days. Results During the 3 study days from March to June 2020, the authors enrolled 248 patients admitted to the 15 PICUs; 148 had CCC (prevalence of 59.7%). Patients had a median of 1 acute diagnosis and 2 chronic diagnoses. The use of resources/devices was extensive. The main mode of respiratory support was conventional mechanical ventilation. Most patients had a peripherally inserted central catheter (63.1%), followed by a central venous line (52.5%), and 33.3% had gastrostomy or/and tracheostomy. The functional status score was significantly better at discharge compared to admission day due to the respiratory status improvement. Conclusions The prevalence of children with CCC admitted to the Brazilian PICUs represented 59.7% of patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The functional status of these children improved during hospitalization, mainly due to the respiratory component.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2021.12.004

Validity of the computerized version of the pediatric triage system CLARIPED for emergency care
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Traldi, Paula de Carmago

; Magalhães-Barbosa, Maria Clara de

; Raymundo, Carlos Eduardo

; Cunha, Antonio José Ledo Alves da

; Prata-Barbosa, Arnaldo

Jornal de Pediatria

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jul 2022, Volume 98 N. 4 Pages 369 - 375

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the validity of the computerized version of the pediatric triage system CLARIPED. Methods: Prospective, observational study in a tertiary emergency department (ED) from Jan-2018 to Jan-2019. A convenience sample of patients aged 0-18 years who had computerized triage and outcome variables registered. Construct validity was assessed through the association between urgency levels and patient outcomes. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPVand NPV), undertriage, and overtriage rates were assessed. Results: 19,122 of 38,321 visits were analyzed. The urgency levels were: RED (emergency) 0.02%, ORANGE (high urgency) 3.21%, YELLOW (urgency) 35.69%, GREEN (low urgency) 58.46%, and BLUE (no urgency) 2.62%. The following outcomes increased according to the increase in the level of urgency: hospital admission (0.4%, 0.6%, 3.1%, 11.9% and 25%), stay in the ED observation room (2.8%, 4.7%, 15.9%, 40.4%, 50%), ≥ 2 diagnostic or therapeutic resources (7.8%, 16.5%, 33.7%, 60.6%, 75%), and ED length of stay in minutes (18, 24, 67,120, 260). The odds of using ≥ 2 resources or being hospitalized were significantly greater in the most urgent patients (Red, Orange, and Yellow) compared to the least urgent (Green and Blue): OR 7.88 (95%CI: 5.35-11.6) and OR 2.85 (95%CI: 2.63-3.09), respectively. The sensitivity to identify urgency was 0.82 (95%CI: 0.77-0.85); specificity, 0.62 (95%CI: 0.61-0.6; NPV, 0.99 (95%CI: 0.99-1.00); overtriage rate, 4.28% and undertriage, 18.41%. Conclusion: The computerized version of CLARIPED is a valid and safe pediatric triage system, with a significant correlation with clinical outcomes, good sensitivity, and low undertriage rate.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2021.08.004

Toxic stress, epigenetics and child development
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Magalhães-Barbosa, Maria Clara de

; Prata-Barbosa, Arnaldo

; Cunha, Antonio José Ledo Alves da

Jornal de Pediatria

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2022, Volume 98 Suppl. 1 Pages 13 - 18

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objectives: To describe the concept of toxic stress, present the basics of epigenetics and discuss their relationship with child development. Data source: Narrative literature review through a search in the SciELO, Lilacs, Medline databases using the terms Adverse Childhood Experience OR Early Life Stress, Epigenomic OR Epigenetic, Child Development OR Infant Development. Data synthesis: Continuing stress response, known as toxic stress, can occur when a child experiences intense, frequent, and/or prolonged adversity–such as physical or emotional abuse, chronic neglect, for example–without adequate adult support. This toxic stress can have harmful effects on learning, behavior, and health throughout life. Epigenetics, an emerging scientific research area, shows how environmental influences affect gene expressions and explains how early experiences can impact throughout life. Conclusions: Toxic stress causes changes in the human body response systems that can be explained in part by epigenetic changes, which can be temporary or long-lasting. Pediatricians must be aware of these mechanisms and their consequences, seeking to prevent them and thus promote the health, well-being, and quality of life of children, contributing to their full development.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2021.09.007

Delirium pediátrico em tempos da COVID-19
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Castro, Roberta Esteves Vieira de

; Rodríguez-Rubio, Miguel

; Magalhães-Barbosa, Maria Clara de

; Prata-Barbosa, Arnaldo

Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva

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oct 2021, Volume 33 N. 4 Pages 483 - 486

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-507x.20210070

Improvement of 1st-hour bundle compliance and sepsis mortality in pediatrics after the implementation of the surviving sepsis campaign guidelines
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Rodrigues-Santos, Gustavo

; Magalhães-Barbosa, Maria Clara de

; Raymundo, Carlos Eduardo

; Lima-Setta, Fernanda

; Cunha, Antonio José Ledo Alves da

; Prata-Barbosa, Arnaldo

Jornal de Pediatria

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aug 2021, Volume 97 N. 4 Pages 459 - 467

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objectives To study the impact of the implementation of the Pediatric Surviving Sepsis Campaign protocol on early recognition of sepsis, 1 -h treatment bundle and mortality. Methods Retrospective, single-center study, before and after the implementation of the sepsis protocol. Outcomes: sepsis recognition, compliance with the 1 -h bundle (fluid resuscitation, blood culture, antibiotics), time interval to fluid resuscitation and antibiotics administration, and mortality. Patients with febrile neutropenia were excluded. The comparisons between the periods were performed using non-parametric tests and odds ratios or relative risk were calculated. Results We studied 84 patients before and 103 after the protocol implementation. There was an increase in sepsis recognition (OR 21.5 [95% CI: 10.1-45.7]), in the compliance with the 1 -h bundle as a whole (62% x 0%), and with its three components: fluid resuscitation (OR 31.1 [95% CI: 3.9−247.2]), blood culture (OR 15.9 [95% CI: 3.9−65.2]), and antibiotics (OR 35.6 [95% CI: 8.9−143.2]). Significant reduction between sepsis recognition to fluid resuscitation (152min × 12min, p < 0.001) and to antibiotics administration (137min × 30min) also occurred. The risk of death before protocol implementation was four times greater (RR 4.1 [95% CI: 1.2-14.4]), and the absolute death risk reduction was 9%. Conclusion Even if we considered the low precision of some estimates, the lower limits of the Confidence Intervals show that the implementation of the Pediatric Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines alongside a qualitive assurance initiative has led to improvements in sepsis recognition, compliance with the 1 -h treatment bundle, reduction in the time interval to fluid resuscitation and antibiotics, and reduction in sepsis mortality.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2020.09.005 66 downloads

10.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Brazil: a multicenter, prospective cohort study
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Lima-Setta, Fernanda

; Magalhães-Barbosa, Maria Clara de

; Rodrigues-Santos, Gustavo

; Figueiredo, Elaine Augusta das Neves

; Jacques, Melissa de Lorena

; Zeitel, Raquel de Seixas

; Sapolnik, Roberto

; Borges, Cibelle Teixeira da Siva

; Lanziotti, Vanessa Soares

; Castro, Roberta Esteves Vieira de

; Bellinat, Ana Paula Novaes

; Silva, Thiago Peres da

; Oliveira, Felipe Rezende Caino de

; Reis, Bárbara Carvalho Santos dos

; Castro, Natália Almeida de Arnaldo Silva Rodriguez

; Macedo, João Henrique Garcia Cobas

; Scarlato, Ana Carolina Cabral Pinheiro

; Riveiro, Paula Marins

; Mota, Isabele Coelho Fonseca da

; Lorenzo, Vivian Botelho

; Lucena, Natalia Martins Lima de

; Azevedo, Zina Maria Almeida de

; Cunha, Antonio José L.A.

; Prata-Barbosa, Arnaldo

Jornal de Pediatria

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jun 2021, Volume 97 N. 3 Pages 354 - 361

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objective To describe the clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics, as well as the outcomes of children with MIS-C. Method Multicenter, prospective cohort study, conducted in 17 pediatric intensive care units in five states in Brazil, from March to July 2020. Patients from 1 month to 19 years who met the MIS-C diagnostic criteria were included consecutively. Results Fifty-six patients were included, with the following conditions: Kawasaki-like disease (n = 26), incomplete Kawasaki disease (n = 16), acute cardiac dysfunction (n = 10), toxic shock syndrome (n = 3), and macrophage activation syndrome (n = 1). Median age was 6.2 years (IQR 2.4−10.3), 70% were boys, 59% were non-whites, 20% had comorbidities, 48% reported a contact with COVID-19 cases, and 55% had a recent SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by RT-PCR and/or serology. Gastrointestinal symptoms were present in 71%, shock symptoms in 59%, and severe respiratory symptoms in less than 20%. -Dimer was increased in 80% and cardiac dysfunction markers in more than 75%. Treatment included immunoglobulin (89%); corticosteroids, antibiotics, and enoxaparin in about 50%; and oseltamivir and antifungal therapy in less than 10%. Only 11% needed invasive mechanical ventilation, with a median duration of five days (IQR 5–6.5). The median length of PICU stay was six days (IQR 5–11), and one death occurred (1.8%). Conclusions Most characteristics of the present MIS-C patients were similar to that of other cohorts. The present results may contribute to a broader understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and its short-term consequences. Long-term multidisciplinary follow-up is needed, since it is not known whether these patients will have chronic cardiac impairment or other sequelae.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2020.10.008 281 downloads

11.

Point-of-care ultrasound by the pediatrician in the diagnosis and follow-up of community-acquired pneumonia,
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Toro, Manuel Sobrino

; Martínez, José Luis Vázquez

; Falcão, Ricardo Viana

; Prata-Barbosa, Arnaldo

; Cunha, Antonio José Ledo Alves da

Jornal de Pediatria

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feb 2021, Volume 97 N. 1 Pages 13 - 21

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objectives: To review, analyze, and present the available evidence on the usefulness of point-of-care pulmonary ultrasound in the diagnosis and monitoring of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), aiming to facilitate its potential inclusion into pediatric clinical reference guidelines. Source of data: A non-systematic research was carried out in the MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS, and SciELO databases, from January 1985 to September 2019. The articles that were considered the most relevant were selected. Synthesis of data: CAP is a relevant cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatrics and its clinical management remains a major challenge. The systematic use of chest X-ray for its diagnosis is controversial because it exposes the child to ionizing radiation and there are interobserver differences in its interpretation. Recently, the use of point-of-care pulmonary ultrasound by the pediatrician has been presented as an alternative for the diagnosis and monitoring of CAP. A great deal of evidence has disclosed its high sensitivity and diagnostic specificity, with the advantages of no ionizing radiation, relatively low cost, immediate results, portability, and the possibility of repetition according to the requirements of disease evolution. Moreover, its use can help rule out possible bacterial etiology and thus prevent inappropriate antibiotic treatments that favor bacterial resistance. Conclusions: Point-of-care ultrasonography represents an opportunity to improve the diagnosis and monitoring of CAP. However, as an operator-dependent technique, training is required for adequate image acquisition, correct interpretation, and integration with clinical data for correct decision-making.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2020.07.003 402 downloads

12.

Adaptação transcultural para o Brasil da Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale para avaliação da sedação em terapia intensiva pediátrica
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Massaud-Ribeiro, Letícia

; Barbosa, Maria Clara de Magalhães

; Panisset, Anderson Gonçalves

; Robaina, Jaqueline Rodrigues

; Lima-Setta, Fernanda

; Prata-Barbosa, Arnaldo

; Cunha, Antonio José Ledo Alves da

Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva

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jan 2021, Volume 33 N. 1 Pages 102 - 110

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivo: Realizar adaptação transcultural para o Brasil da Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) para avaliação da sedação em terapia intensiva pediátrica Métodos: Processo de adaptação transcultural incluindo as etapas de equivalência conceitual, de itens, semântica e operacional, de acordo com recomendações atuais. Resultados: Pré-testes, divididos em duas etapas, incluíram 30 profissionais da unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica de um hospital universitário, que aplicaram a RASS traduzida em pacientes de 29 dias a 18 anos. Os pré-testes mostraram Índice de Validade de Conteúdo acima de 0,90 para todos os itens: 0,97 na primeira etapa de pré-testes e 0,99 na segunda. Conclusão: A adaptação transcultural da RASS para o português do Brasil resultou em versão com excelente compreensão e aceitabilidade em cenário de terapia intensiva pediátrica. Estudos de confiabilidade e de validade devem ser realizados para avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da versão adaptada para o português do Brasil da RASS.

ABSTRACT Objective: To perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) to Brazilian Portuguese for the evaluation of sedation in pediatric intensive care. Methods: Cross-cultural adaptation process including the conceptual, item, semantic and operational equivalence stages according to current recommendations. Results: Pretests, divided into two stages, included 30 professionals from the pediatric intensive care unit of a university hospital, who administered the translated RASS to patients aged 29 days to 18 years. The pretests showed a content validity index above 0.90 for all items: 0.97 in the first stage of pretests and 0.99 in the second. Conclusion: The cross-cultural adaptation of RASS to Brazilian Portuguese resulted in a version with excellent comprehensibility and acceptability in a pediatric intensive care setting. Reliability and validity studies should be performed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the RASS.

https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-507x.20210011 421 downloads

13.

CLINICAL AND LABORATORY CHARACTERISTICS OF SARS-COV-2 INFECTION IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
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Martins, Marlos Melo

; Prata-Barbosa, Arnaldo

; Magalhães-Barbosa, Maria Clara de

; Cunha, Antonio José Ledo Alves da

Revista Paulista de Pediatria

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2021, Volume 39 elocation e2020231

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivo: Apresentar as atuais evidências sobre as características clínicas e laboratoriais da infecção pelo coronavírus da síndrome respiratória aguda grave 2 (SARS-CoV-2) durante a infância e a adolescência. Fonte de dados: Revisão narrativa realizada nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (LILACS/BVS), Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, portal da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), ScienceDirect e Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), com o uso dos termos SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 e novo coronavírus e criança, recém-nascido e adolescente. Síntese dos dados: Diferentemente dos adultos, as crianças infectadas pelo SARS-CoV-2 apresentam formas clínicas leves ou assintomáticas na maior parte dos casos. As crianças sintomáticas apresentam predominantemente febre baixa e tosse, com alguns sintomas gastrointestinais associados. Casos graves são a minoria e ocorrem especialmente abaixo de um ano de idade. A detecção de partículas virais em fezes parece ser mais persistente em crianças, podendo servir como ferramenta diagnóstica e de controle do tempo de quarentena. Diferentemente dos adultos, as crianças podem apresentar respostas inflamatórias distintas, como tem ocorrido nos novos casos de síndrome de Kawasaki-like associada à infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2. Conclusões: Crianças, na sua maioria, apresentam quadros assintomáticos ou leves, com predomínio de febre, tosse e sintomas gastrointestinais. Novos relatos de diferentes reações sistêmicas inflamatórias em crianças têm sido notados, com manifestações clínicas distintas daquelas tipicamente observadas em adultos.

ABSTRACT Objective: To present the current evidence on clinical and laboratory characteristics of infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during childhood and adolescence. Data source: This is a narrative review conducted in the databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature in the Virtual Health Library (LILACS/VHL), Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, portal of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), ScienceDirect, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). The terms used were SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, novel coronavirus, child, newborn, and adolescent. Data synthesis: Unlike adults, most children infected by SARS-CoV-2 have mild or asymptomatic clinical presentations. Symptomatic children mainly have low fever and cough, with some associated gastrointestinal symptoms. Severe cases are rare and occur especially in infants under one year of age. Detection of viral particles in feces seems to be more persistent in children and can be used as a tool for diagnosis and control of the quarantine period. Different from adults, children can present distinct inflammatory responses, as has happened in new cases of Kawasaki-like syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusions: Most children have asymptomatic or mild presentations, with a prevalence of fever, cough, and gastrointestinal symptoms. New cases with different systemic inflammatory reactions in children have been reported, with clinical manifestations distinct from those typically found in adults.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-0462/2021/39/2020231 5465 downloads

14.

Pediatric patients with COVID-19 admitted to intensive care units in Brazil: a prospective multicenter study,
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Prata-Barbosa, Arnaldo

; Lima-Setta, Fernanda

; Santos, Gustavo Rodrigues dos

; Lanziotti, Vanessa Soares

; Castro, Roberta Esteves Vieira de

; Souza, Daniela Carla de

; Raymundo, Carlos Eduardo

; Oliveira, Felipe Rezende Caino de

; Lima, Lucio Flavio Peixoto de

; Tonial, Cristian Tedesco

; Colleti Jr., José

; Bellinat, Ana Paula Novaes

; Lorenzo, Vivian Botelho

; Zeitel, Raquel de Seixas

; Pulcheri, Lucas

; Costa, Fernanda Ciuffo Monte da

; La Torre, Fabíola Peixoto Ferreira

; Figueiredo, Elaine Augusta das Neves

; Silva, Thiago Peres da

; Riveiro, Paula Marins

; Mota, Isabele Coelho Fonseca da

; Brandão, Igor Bromonschenkel

; Azevedo, Zina Maria Almeida de

; Gregory, Simone Camera

; Boedo, Fernanda Raquel Oliveira

; Carvalho, Rosana Novais de

; Castro, Natália Almeida de Arnaldo Silva Rodriguez

; Genu, Daniel Hilário Santos

; Foronda, Flavia Andrea Krepel

; Cunha, Antonio José Ledo A.

; Magalhães-Barbosa, Maria Clara de

Jornal de Pediatria

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dec 2020, Volume 96 N. 5 Pages 582 - 592

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever as características clínicas de crianças e adolescentes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva com COVID-19 confirmada. Método: Estudo prospectivo, multicêntrico, observacional, em 19 unidades de terapia intensiva pediátrica. Foram incluídos pacientes entre um mês e 19 anos, admitidos consecutivamente (março a maio de 2020). As características demográficas, clínico-epidemiológicas, o tratamento e os resultados foram coletados. Os subgrupos foram comparados de acordo com as comorbidades, idade < 1 ano e necessidade de ventilação mecânica invasiva. Um modelo de regressão logística multivariável foi utilizado para preditores de gravidade. Resultados: Setenta e nove pacientes foram incluídos (10 com síndrome inflamatória multi-ssistêmica). Mediana de idade, quatro anos; 54% eram do sexo masculino (síndrome inflamatória multissistêmica, 80%); 41% tinham comorbidades (síndrome inflamatória multissistêmica, 20%). Febre (76%), tosse (51%) e taquipneia (50%) foram comuns nos dois grupos. Sintomas graves egastrointestinais e marcadores inflamatórios mais elevados foram mais frequentes na presença de síndrome inflamatória multissistêmica. Infiltrados intersticiais pulmonares foram comuns em ambos os grupos, mas o derrame pleural foi mais prevalente no grupo com síndrome inflamatória multissistêmica (43% vs. 14%). A ventilação mecânica invasiva foi utilizada em 18% (mediana 7,5 dias); antibióticos, oseltamivir e corticosteroides foram utilizados em 76%, 43% e 23%, respectivamente, mas não a hidroxicloroquina. A mediana do tempo de permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica foi de 5 dias; duas mortes ocorreram (3%) no grupo não- síndrome inflamatória multissistêmica. Os pacientes com comorbidades eram mais velhos, e as comorbidades foram independentemente associadas à necessidade de ventilação mecânica invasiva(OR 5,5; IC95%, 1,43-21,12; P 0,01). Conclusões: Nas unidades de terapia intensiva pediátrica brasileiras, a COVID-19 apresentou baixa mortalidade, a idade inferior a um ano não foi associada a um pior prognóstico, os pacientes com síndrome inflamatória multissistêmica apresentaram sintomas mais graves, biomarcadores inflamatórios mais elevados e uma grande predominância no sexo masculino, mas apenas a presença de comorbidades e doenças crônicas foi um preditor independente de gravidade.

Abstract Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics of children and adolescents admitted to intensive care with confirmed COVID-19. Method: Prospective, multicenter, observational study, in 19 pediatric intensive care units. Patients aged 1 month to 19 years admitted consecutively (March-May 2020) were included. Demographic, clinical-epidemiological features, treatment, and outcomes were collected. Subgroups were compared according to comorbidities, age < 1 year, and need for invasive mechanical ventilation. A multivariable logistic regression model was used for predictors of severity. Results: Seventy-nine patients were included (ten with multisystemic inflammatory syndrome). Median age 4 years; 54% male (multisystemic inflammatory syndrome, 80%); 41% had comorbidities (multisystemic inflammatory syndrome, 20%). Fever (76%), cough (51%), and tachypnea (50%) were common in both groups. Severe symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, and higher inflammatory markers were more frequent in multisystemic inflammatory syndrome. Interstitial lung infiltrates were common in both groups, but pleural effusion was more prevalent in the multisystemic inflammatory syndrome group (43% vs. 14%). Invasive mechanical ventilation was used in 18% (median 7.5 days); antibiotics, oseltamivir, and corticosteroids were used in 76%, 43%, and 23%, respectively, but not hydroxychloroquine. The median pediatric intensive care unit length-of-stay was five days; there were two deaths (3%) in the non- multisystemic inflammatory syndrome group. Patients with comorbidities were older and comorbidities were independently associated with the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (OR 5.5; 95% CI, 1.43-21.12; p = 0.01). Conclusions: In Brazilian pediatric intensive care units, COVID-19 had low mortality, age less than 1 year was not associated with a worse prognosis, and patients with multisystemic inflammatory syndrome had more severe symptoms, higher inflammatory biomarkers, and a greater predominance of males, but only comorbidities and chronic diseases were independent predictors of severity.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2020.07.002 2718 downloads

15.

Normal Hearing Function in Children Prenatally Exposed to Zika Virus
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Barbosa, Maria Helena Magalhães

; Garcia, Cristiane Fregonesi Dutra

; Magalhães Barbosa, Maria Clara de

; Robaina, Jaqueline Rodrigues

; Prata-Barbosa, Arnaldo

; Lima, Marco Antonio de Melo Tavares de

; Cunha, Antonio José Ledo Alves da

International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology

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sep 2020, Volume 24 N. 3 Pages 299 - 307

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Introduction The association between prenatal Zika virus infection and hearing alterations in offspring has been the object of some studies, although few have assessed children without microcephaly. However, a current trend to include prenatal Zika virus exposure in the group of risk indicators for hearing loss is noted. Objective To present a series of 27 children prenatally exposed to the Zika virus submitted to multiple hearing assessments over time. Methods A cohort of children born to symptomatic mothers with laboratorial Zika virus infection confirmation during pregnancy was submitted to an otoacoustic emission test, auditory brainstem response test (automated, neurodiagnostic and frequency-specific), audiometry, and imitanciometry over a period of 36 months since birth. The hearing assessment was performed independently of the presence of microcephaly or other apparent signs of congenital Zika syndrome. Results The hearing tests presented predominantly normal results. Some children had signs of middle ear pathology. The only microcephalic child had normal electrophysiological tests, as well as preserved audiometric thresholds, but presented altered motor responses to sound. Conclusion Prenatal exposure to Zika virus does not always determine hearing impairment. This risk seems to be more associated to the severity of the central nervous system damage. Hearing screening and follow-ups of the affected children are important, as well as further research in this area.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3399539 408 downloads

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